DevOps

Your e-commerce site processes millions in revenue daily. A simple database migration that takes your site offline for 10 minutes costs thousands in lost sales and damages customer trust.

Traditional migration approaches require downtime: stop the application, run migrations, restart with new code. Zero-downtime migrations eliminate this disruption using careful planning and deployment strategies that keep your application running throughout database updates.

The Zero-Downtime Challenge

Standard EF Core migrations assume a simple deployment model:

1. Stop application
2. Run dotnet ef database update
3. Deploy new application code
4. Start application

This works for small applications but creates unacceptable downtime for production systems. The challenge is that database schema changes often require corresponding application code changes, creating a chicken-and-egg problem.

Backward-Compatible Migration Patterns

Zero-downtime migrations require backward compatibility: the database must work with both old and new application versions during the transition.

Adding New Tables

Adding new tables is always safe:

public partial class AddOrderHistoryTable : Migration
{
    protected override void Up(MigrationBuilder migrationBuilder)
    {
        migrationBuilder.CreateTable(
            name: "OrderHistory",
            columns: table => new
            {
                Id = table.Column<int>(nullable: false)
                    .Annotation("SqlServer:Identity", …

Your team of 8 developers is working on different features. Developer A adds a new table, Developer B modifies an existing column, Developer C renames a property. All three create migrations on the same day.

When you try to merge everything together, EF Core explodes with migration conflicts, database schema mismatches, and mysterious errors about missing tables. Sound familiar?

Large teams need structured approaches to EF Core migrations, or you’ll spend more time fixing database issues than building features.

The Migration Conflict Problem

EF Core migrations are sequential by design. Each migration has a timestamp-based filename and builds on the previous one:

20250923_081234_AddCustomerTable.cs
20250923_091456_AddOrderTable.cs      // Depends on Customer table
20250923_095612_AddCustomerEmail.cs   // Also modifies Customer table

When multiple developers create migrations simultaneously, you get parallel branches that can’t merge cleanly:

Feature Branch A: AddCustomerTable -> AddCustomerEmail
Feature Branch B: AddCustomerTable -> AddOrderTable
Feature Branch C: AddCustomerTable -> ModifyCustomerName

Merging these creates a broken migration history where later migrations reference schema changes that don’t exist in the merged timeline.

Team Workflow Strategy

1. Feature Branch Guidelines

Each developer works in feature branches with clear migration rules:

# Developer starts new feature
git checkout -b feature/customer-management
dotnet ef migrations …